Swift

์ œ์–ด๋ฌธ ( Control Flow )

๊ธฐ๊ฐ€์ •ํ›ˆ 2022. 7. 26. 19:51

์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š” ์˜ค๋Š˜์€ Swift์—์„œ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ์ œ์–ด๋ฌธ์— ๊ด€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ ์–ด๋ณด๋„๋ก ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค ๐Ÿคจ

 

๐Ÿ“š๊ณต์‹๋ฌธ์„œ ๋ฐ ๋งํฌ

 

 

Control Flow — The Swift Programming Language (Swift 5.7)

Control Flow Swift provides a variety of control flow statements. These include while loops to perform a task multiple times; if, guard, and switch statements to execute different branches of code based on certain conditions; and statements such as break a

docs.swift.org

 


 

Swift์—์„œ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ์ œ์–ด๋ฌธ์€ 

  • while loop
  • if guard
  • switch
  • for-in

For-in ๋ฌธ ( For - In - Loops )

for-in ๋ฌธ์€ ๋ฐฐ์—ด, ์ˆซ์ž, ๋ฌธ์ž์—ด์„ ์ˆœ์„œ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ˆœํšŒํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

let names = ["Anna", "Alex", "Brian", "Jack"]
for name in names {
    print("Hello \(name)!")
}
// Hello Anna!
// Hello Alex!
// Hello Brian!
// Hello Jack!

Dictionary์—์„œ ๋ฐ˜ํ™˜๋œ ํ‚ค-๊ฐ’ ์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ ํŠœํ”Œ์„ ์ˆœํšŒํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ œ์–ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

let numberOfLegs = ["spider": 8, "ant": 6, "cat": 4]
for (animalName, legCount) in numberOfLegs {
    print("\(animalName)s have \(legCount) legs")
}
// ants have 6 legs
// spiders have 8 legs
// cats have 4 legs

Dictionaryํ˜•์€ ์ˆœ์„œ๊ฐ€ ์ง€์ •๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰๋˜๋Š” ์ˆœ์„œ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์žฅ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 

์•„๋ž˜์˜ ์ฝ”๋“œ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ˆซ์ž ๋ฒ”์œ„๋ฅผ ์ง€์ •ํ•ด ์ˆœํšŒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

for index in 1...5 {
    print("\(index) times 5 is \(index * 5)")
}
// 1 times 5 is 5
// 2 times 5 is 10
// 3 times 5 is 15
// 4 times 5 is 20
// 5 times 5 is 25

์ˆœ์„œ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ œ์–ดํ•  ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ ์ด๋ฆ„ ๋Œ€์‹  ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ’์„ ๋ฌด์‹œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ๋†’์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

_ ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ์ฝ”๋“œ๋Š” ๋ฃจํ”„๋ฅผ ํšŸ์ˆ˜๋งŒํผ ์‹คํ–‰ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ๊ฐ’์ด ๋ฌด์‹œ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 

let base = 3
let power = 10
var answer = 1
for _ in 1...power {
    answer *= base
}
print("\(base) to the power of \(power) is \(answer)")
// Prints "3 to the power of 10 is 59049"

๋ฒ”์œ„ ์—ฐ์‚ฐ์ž๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

let minutes = 60
for tickMark in 0..<minutes {
    // render the tick mark each minute (60 times)
}

//0๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 59๊นŒ์ง€ ์ด 60๋ฒˆ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต

stride(from:to:by:) ํ•จ์ˆ˜๋„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋”๋ณด๊ธฐ

stride(from:to:by:) : ์ง€์ •๋œ ์–‘๋งŒํผ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ ๊ฐ’์—์„œ ๋ ๊ฐ’๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ์‹œํ€€์Šค๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜ํ™˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋งค๊ฐœ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋กœ๋Š”

  • from start - ์‹œํ€€์Šค์— ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์‹œ์ž‘ ๊ฐ’์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹œํ€€์Šค์— ๊ฐ’์ด ํฌํ•จ๋œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์จฐ ๊ฐ’์€ start์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  • to end - ์‹œํ€€์Šค๋ฅผ ์ œํ•œํ•˜๋Š” ๋ ๊ฐ’์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. end ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์‹œํ€€์Šค์˜ ์š”์†Œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  • by stride - ๊ฐ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต์—์„œ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ณ„๋กœ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•  ์–‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–‘์ˆ˜๋Š” stride์œ„์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์Œ์ˆ˜๋Š” stride์•„๋ž˜์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
let minuteInterval = 5
for tickMark in stride(from: 0, to: minutes, by: minuteInterval) {
    // render the tick mark every 5 minutes (0, 5, 10, 15 ... 45, 50, 55)
}
//0๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 5์”ฉ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ minutes๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต์„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. minutes๊ฐ’์€ 60์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ 55๊นŒ์ง€ ํ•ด๋‹น๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.


//stride(from:through:by:)์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‹ซํžŒ ๋ฒ”์œ„๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ• ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
let hours = 12
let hourInterval = 3
for tickMark in stride(from: 3, through: hours, by: hourInterval) {
    // render the tick mark every 3 hours (3, 6, 9, 12)
}

 

While

While๋ฌธ์€ ์กฐ๊ฑด์ด ๊ฑฐ์ง“์ผ ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์„ ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

while ์กฐ๊ฑด {
	code
}

let value = true
while value {
    print("๋ฌดํ•œ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค")
}
var num = 0
while num < 5 {
	print( " \(num) times ")
    num += 1
}
// 0 times 
// 1 times 
// 2 times 
// 3 times 
// 4 times

 

Repeat-While ๋ฌธ

repeat-While๋ฌธ์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์–ธ์–ด์˜ do-while๋ฌธ๊ณผ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ while๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์„ ์ตœ์†Œํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ์‹คํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  while์กฐ๊ฑด์ด ๊ฑฐ์ง“์ผ ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

var num = 1
let value = true

repeat {
    print(num)
} while value

//repeat while๋ฌธ์€ ์ตœ์†Œ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ์€ ์‹คํ–‰๋˜์ง€๋งŒ ์กฐ๊ฑด์ด true์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋ฌดํ•œ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
var a = 5
var b = 10

repeat {
	a += 1
	print( " number a is increased to \(a) " )
} while a < b

// number a is increased to 6 
// number a is increased to 7 
// number a is increased to 8 
// number a is increased to 9 
// number a is increased to 10

 

์กฐ๊ฑด์  ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ ( Conditional Statements )

Swift์—์„œ๋Š” if ์™€ switch๋ฌธ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์กฐ๊ฑด ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

 

If ๋ฌธ

if๋ฌธ์€ ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ๊ฐ’์ด ํŠน์ • ์กฐ๊ฑด์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•  ๋•Œ๋งŒ ์„ ํƒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฝ”๋“œ๋ฅผ ์‹คํ–‰ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

 

if๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ

var temperatureInFahrenheit = 30
if temperatureInFahrenheit <= 32 {
    print("It's very cold. Consider wearing a scarf.")
}
// Prints "It's very cold. Consider wearing a scarf."
//์กฐ๊ฑด์— ๋งŒ์กฑํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ถœ๋ ฅ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

if else๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ

temperatureInFahrenheit = 40
if temperatureInFahrenheit <= 32 {
    print("It's very cold. Consider wearing a scarf.")
} else {
    print("It's not that cold. Wear a t-shirt.")
}
// Prints "It's not that cold. Wear a t-shirt."
// 40<=32 ์กฐ๊ฑด์— ๋งŒ์กฑํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„ else ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์„ ์ถœ๋ ฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

if else else-if๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ

temperatureInFahrenheit = 90
if temperatureInFahrenheit <= 32 {
    print("It's very cold. Consider wearing a scarf.")
} else if temperatureInFahrenheit >= 86 {
    print("It's really warm. Don't forget to wear sunscreen.")
} else {
    print("It's not that cold. Wear a t-shirt.")
}
// Prints "It's really warm. Don't forget to wear sunscreen."
//else-if ์กฐ๊ฑด์ธ 90>=86 ์กฐ๊ฑด์— ๋งž์•„ ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์„ ์‹คํ–‰ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

if else-if๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ

temperatureInFahrenheit = 72
if temperatureInFahrenheit <= 32 {
    print("It's very cold. Consider wearing a scarf.")
} else if temperatureInFahrenheit >= 86 {
    print("It's really warm. Don't forget to wear sunscreen.")
}
// ๋งž๋Š” ์กฐ๊ฑด์— ์—†์–ด ์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„ ์ถœ๋ ฅ ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

 

Switch

break๊ฐ€ ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ด์ง€ ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ case ์•ˆ์— ํŠน์ • ์ง€์ ์—์„œ ๋ฉˆ์ถ”๋„๋ก ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด break์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

case์•ˆ์—๋Š” ์ตœ์†Œ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์‹คํ–‰ ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์ด ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

switch๋ฌธ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ํ˜•ํƒœ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

switch some value to consider {
case value 1:
    respond to value 1
case value 2,
     value 3:
    respond to value 2 or 3
default:
    otherwise, do something else
}

๋ฌธ์ž๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด switch๋ฌธ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

let someCharacter: Character = "z"
switch someCharacter {
case "a":
    print("The first letter of the alphabet")
case "z":
    print("The last letter of the alphabet")
default:
    print("Some other character")
}
// Prints "The last letter of the alphabet"

์œ„์—์„œ ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ switch๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์€ ์•”์‹œ์ ์ธ ์ง„ํ–‰์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

switch๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์ด ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ชจ๋“  case๋ฅผ ์ˆœํšŒํ•˜์—ฌ default๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋‚  ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ง„ํ–‰๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

let anotherCharacter: Character = "a"
switch anotherCharacter {
case "a": 
case "A":
    print("The letter A")
default:
    print("Not the letter A")
}
//case์•ˆ์—๋Š” ์ตœ์†Œ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์‹คํ–‰ ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์ด ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
// ์ปดํŒŒ์ผ ์—๋Ÿฌ ๋ฐœ์ƒ!

์ฝ”๋“œ๋ฅผ ์ข€ ๋” ํšจ์œจ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. case ์•ˆ์— ์ฝค๋งˆ ( , )๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜์—ฌ case ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ํ˜ผํ•ฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

let anotherCharacter: Character = "a"
switch anotherCharacter {
case "a", "A":
    print("The letter A")
default:
    print("Not the letter A")
}
// Prints "The letter A"

 

์ธํ„ฐ๋ฒŒ ๋งค์นญ ( Interval Matching )

์ˆซ์ž์˜ ํŠน์ • ๋ฒ”์œ„๋ฅผ ์กฐ๊ฑด์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

let approximateCount = 62
let countedThings = "moons orbiting Saturn"
let naturalCount: String
switch approximateCount {
case 0:
    naturalCount = "no"
case 1..<5:
    naturalCount = "a few"
case 5..<12:
    naturalCount = "several"
case 12..<100:
    naturalCount = "dozens of"
case 100..<1000:
    naturalCount = "hundreds of"
default:
    naturalCount = "many"
}
print("There are \(naturalCount) \(countedThings).")
// ์กฐ๊ฑด์ธ 12..<100์— ๋งŒ์กฑํ•˜์—ฌ naturalCount์— "dozens of" ์„ ์–ธ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
// Prints "There are dozens of moons orbiting Saturn."

 

ํŠœํ”Œ ( Tuple )

let somePoint = (1, 1)
switch somePoint {
case (0, 0):
    print("\(somePoint) is at the origin")
case (_, 0):
    print("\(somePoint) is on the x-axis")
case (0, _):
    print("\(somePoint) is on the y-axis")
case (-2...2, -2...2):
    print("\(somePoint) is inside the box")
default:
    print("\(somePoint) is outside of the box")
}
// Prints "(1, 1) is inside the box"

์กฐ๊ฑด์ธ ( -2...2 , -2...2 )์— ๋งŒ์กฑํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์„ ์ถœ๋ ฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

 

Where๋ฌธ

where์ ˆ ์šฉ๋„๋กœ๋Š” ํŠน์ • ํŒจํ„ด๊ณผ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์กฐ๊ฑด ์ถ”๊ฐ€, ํƒ€์ž…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ œ์•ฝ ์ถ”๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

let yetAnotherPoint = (1, -1)
switch yetAnotherPoint {
case let (x, y) where x == y:
    print("(\(x), \(y)) is on the line x == y")
case let (x, y) where x == -y:
    print("(\(x), \(y)) is on the line x == -y")
case let (x, y):
    print("(\(x), \(y)) is just some arbitrary point")
}
// Prints "(1, -1) is on the line x == -y"

 

ํ˜ผํ•ฉ ์ผ€์ด์Šค ( Compound Cases )

case์— ์ฝค๋งˆ ( , )๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ํ˜ผํ•ฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

let someCharacter: Character = "e"
switch someCharacter {
case "a", "e", "i", "o", "u":
    print("\(someCharacter) is a vowel")
case "b", "c", "d", "f", "g", "h", "j", "k", "l", "m",
     "n", "p", "q", "r", "s", "t", "v", "w", "x", "y", "z":
    print("\(someCharacter) is a consonant")
default:
    print("\(someCharacter) is not a vowel or a consonant")
}
// Prints "e is a vowel"

๊ฐ’-๋ฐ”์ธ๋”ฉ์—์„œ๋„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

let stillAnotherPoint = (9, 0)
switch stillAnotherPoint {
case (let distance, 0), (0, let distance):
    print("On an axis, \(distance) from the origin")
default:
    print("Not on an axis")
}
// Prints "On an axis, 9 from the origin"

 

์ œ์–ด ์ „์†ก ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ ( Control Transfer Statements )

์ฝ”๋“œ์˜ ์ง„ํ–‰์„ ๊ณ„์†ํ• ์ง€ ๋ง์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์‹คํ–‰๋˜๋Š” ์ฝ”๋“œ์˜ ํ๋ฆ„์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

  • continue
  • break
  • fallthrough
  • return 
  • throw

continue๋ฌธ

continue๋ฌธ์€ ํ˜„์žฌ loop๋ฅผ ์ค‘์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‹ค์Œ loop๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

let puzzleInput = "great minds think alike"
var puzzleOutput = ""
let charactersToRemove: [Character] = ["a", "e", "i", "o", "u", " "]
for character in puzzleInput {
    if charactersToRemove.contains(character) {
        continue
    } else {
        puzzleOutput.append(character)
    }
}
print(puzzleOutput)
// Prints "grtmndsthnklk"

break๋ฌธ

break๋ฌธ์€ ์ „์ฒด ์ œ์–ด๋ฌธ์˜ ์‹คํ–‰์„ ์ฆ‰๊ฐ ์ค‘์ง€์‹œํ‚ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. break๋ฌธ์€ loop๋‚˜ switch๋ฌธ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

let numberSymbol: Character = "ไธ‰"  // ์ค‘๊ตญ์–ด๋กœ 3์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ž์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
var possibleIntegerValue: Int?
switch numberSymbol {
case "1", "ูก", "ไธ€", "เน‘":
    possibleIntegerValue = 1
case "2", "ูข", "ไบŒ", "เน’":
    possibleIntegerValue = 2
case "3", "ูฃ", "ไธ‰", "เน“":
    possibleIntegerValue = 3
case "4", "ูค", "ๅ››", "เน”":
    possibleIntegerValue = 4
default:
    break
}
if let integerValue = possibleIntegerValue {
    print("The integer value of \(numberSymbol) is \(integerValue).")
} else {
    print("An integer value could not be found for \(numberSymbol).")
}

fallthrough๋ฌธ

fallthroughํ‚ค์›Œ๋“œ๋Š” ์ดํ›„์˜ case์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋„ ์‹คํ–‰ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Swift์—์„œ๋Š” ์กฐ๊ฑด์— ๋งž๋Š” case์„ ์‹คํ–‰ํ•˜๋ฉด switch๋ฌธ์€ ์ข…๋ฃŒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ fallthrough๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ์ž๋™์œผ๋กœ ์ข…๋ฃŒ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ง‰์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

let integerToDescribe = 5
var description = "The number \(integerToDescribe) is"
switch integerToDescribe {
case 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19:
    description += " a prime number, and also"
    fallthrough
default:
    description += " an integer."
}
print(description)
// Prints "The number 5 is a prime number, and also an integer."

โ€ป fallthrough๋Š” case ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๋‹ค์Œ  case๋ฅผ ์‹คํ–‰ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ตฌ๋ฌธ ๋ ˆ์ด๋ธ”

๋ฐ˜๋ณต๋ฌธ์ด๋‚˜ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ฌธ ๋“ฑ ํŠน์ • ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์— ๋ ˆ์ด๋ธ”์„ ๋ถ™์—ฌ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค๋ฉฐ break, continue๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋  ๋•Œ ๋งŒ๋“  ๋ ˆ์ด๋ธ”์„ ๋ช…์‹œํ•ด์คŒ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ ์œ„์น˜์— ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ํ๋ฆ„ ์ œ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

label name: while condition {
    statements
}
aLable : for i in 1..<10{
	bLable : for j in 1..<5{
    	if( j == 4 ){
        	break aLable
        }
         print(" i:\(i) j:\(j) ")
    }		
}
// i:1 j:1 
// i:1 j:2 
// i:1 j:3

 

์ด๋ฅธ ํƒˆ์ถœ ( Early Exit )

guard๋ฌธ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํŠน์ • ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ๋งŒ์กฑํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด ์ดํ›„ ์ฝ”๋“œ๋ฅผ ์‹คํ–‰ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋„๋ก ์ž‘์„ฑํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

func greet(person: [String: String]) {
    guard let name = person["name"] else {
        return
    }
    print("Hello \(name)!")

    guard let location = person["location"] else {
        print("I hope the weather is nice near you.")
        return
    }

    print("I hope the weather is nice in \(location).")
}

greet(person: ["name": "John"])
// Prints "Hello John!"
// Prints "I hope the weather is nice near you."
// ์ฒซ๋ฒˆ์งธ guard ์กฐ๊ฑด์— ๋งŒ์กฑํ•˜์—ฌ Prints "Hello John!"์„ ์ถœ๋ ฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ 
// ๋‘๋ฒˆ์จฐ guard ์กฐ๊ฑด์— ๋งŒ์กฑํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜์—ฌ else ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์„ ์ถœ๋ ฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

greet(person: ["name": "Jane", "location": "Cupertino"])
// Prints "Hello Jane!"
// Prints "I hope the weather is nice in Cupertino."
// ์ฒซ๋ฒˆ์งธ guard ์กฐ๊ฑด์— ๋งŒ์กฑํ•˜์—ฌ  Prints "Hello Jane!""์„ ์ถœ๋ ฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ 
// ๋‘๋ฒˆ์จฐ guard // Prints "I hope the weather is nice near you." ์„ ์ถœ๋ ฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

 

์ด์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ API ๋ฒ„์ „ ํ™•์ธ ( Checking API Availability )

Swift์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํŠน์ • ํ”Œ๋žซํผ ( ios , macOS, tvOS, watchOS )๊ณผ ํŠน์ • ๋ฒ„์ „์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ด์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•ด ํŠน์ • ํ”Œ๋žซํผ๊ณผ ๋ฒ„์ „์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋กœ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

if #available(platform name version, ..., *) {
    statements to execute if the APIs are available
} else {
    fallback statements to execute if the APIs are unavailable
}

//์‹ค์ œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ์˜ˆ์ œ
if #available(iOS 10, macOS 10.12, *) {
    // Use iOS 10 APIs on iOS, and use macOS 10.12 APIs on macOS
} else {
    // Fall back to earlier iOS and macOS APIs
}

 


Swift์—์„œ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ์ œ์–ด๋ฌธ์— ๊ด€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ •๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๋ดค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ •๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ ๋ ˆ์ด๋ธ”๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ์ฒ˜์Œ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์–ด

๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•ด์•ผ ํ• ๊บผ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹คใ…‹ใ…‹